About Electro Houshmand Dimand
Electro Houshmand Dimand Technical and Engineering Company was established in 2012 with the aim of consulting and implementing industrial automation projects. Our colleagues in this group have more than 15 years of experience in implementing industrial automation projects. Our view at Electro houshmand Dimand company has always been to implement new automation solutions in various automation pyramids for our customers, and in line with this goal, we have especially turned to implementing ERP-MES-SCADA-PLC-Field systems.
What is an electrical panel?
Power supply systems are very large and extensive networks. This system includes all wires and electric cables inside and outside residential buildings, power plants, factories, all kinds of industrial and construction projects, etc. Electricity systems for distribution and transmission need different equipment in addition to wiring. These equipment and wiring are placed inside a compartment called electrical panel.
What is an electrical panel?
Learn more about the electrical panel
Knowledge of power control and start-up circuits
Getting to know the equipment in the electrical panel
Checking the types of electrical panels in terms of voltage level
Checking the types of electrical panels in terms of installation location
Checking the types of electrical panels in terms of performance
Checking all types of electrical panels in terms of structure
Learn more about the body of electrical panels
In what cases is the use of electrical panels used?
Electrical panel construction plan and tips you should know
10 important points that you must observe in the design of the electrical panel
How to move and install the electrical panel
final word
In general, what components do electrical panels have? What are the advantages and uses of these boards? How many categories are electrical panels divided into?
In the past and before the use of these enclosures became common, some incidents such as short circuit caused life and financial damage to users; Because these systems were easily accessible and had no protection. Considering the quality and type of construction, electrical panels, in addition to preventing economic loss, also preserve the health of consumers. In this article, you will get acquainted with zero to one hundred electrical panels.
Learn more about the electrical panel
Electrical panels are the enclosures in which electrical equipment is placed. The control of building electricity or industrial devices is highly dependent on the performance of the equipment inside the panel. In the past, many problems, including short circuit, easy access to equipment and environmental factors, caused life and financial risks. Also, the absence of an electrical panel causes damage to all types of equipment from moisture, rain, dust, animals, etc. To prevent these incidents and provide more security, a compartment for electrical equipment was considered. In these panels, there are many parts such as fuses, busbars, relays, timers, contactors, power switches and switches, transformers, wires and cables, etc. Each of these parts perform their own tasks. The existence of these electrical panels is necessary for the safe transmission and distribution of electrical energy.
All electrical circuits are composed of two parts: command and power:
Command circuit: This part of the control circuit is responsible for connecting and disconnecting the contactor. This is done by stimulating the contactor coil. Of course, you should know that the command circuit has no special relationship with the power circuit.
Power circuit: This circuit is in charge of all connections for transferring electrical energy to the consumer.
We will examine some of the most widely equipment in the electrical panel used ones below:
Fuse: A device that protects the circuit against overload and short circuit. As the current in the circuit increases, the fuse burns and cuts off the electric current. This will prevent damage to the rest of the equipment.
bimetal: This device is responsible for cutting off the electricity flow if the temperature rises. When the temperature gets too high, the bimetal cuts off the current. Bimetals protect 3-phase motors from overheating.
miniature key: The function of this switch, like a fuse, is to cut off the electric current in case of short circuit and overload, but the miniature switch does not burn after cutting the current and returns to the system.
Thermal Switches: These switches in the electrical panel are responsible for protecting electric motors against phase imbalance, overload, etc.
Contactor: These devices are very similar to relays. The contactor is used for switching in the circuit.
Current leakage switch (life protection): This key has the function of protecting people from electric shock or electrocution. Immediately after creating a leakage in the current, the safety switch comes into action and cuts off the circuit. In this way, it prevents the circuit from damage.
Signal lights: There are lights or lights that show whether different parts of the board are off or on.
timer: The task of this piece is to schedule and manage time to send signals at appropriate times.
PLC: It is a control system that has the task of controlling and monitoring the system. This advanced system is programmable and checks the performance conditions of the equipment. This system reacts appropriately to disconnection and connection of the device according to the plan.
Cable duct: These ducts are covers to protect the wiring of the equipment inside the panel. In fact, the cables are placed inside these ducts. In this way, in addition to maintaining safety, it also gives the tableau a more compact and beautiful appearance.
Electric switch: By using this switch, you can manually disconnect or connect the current
These boards are generally divided into the following 3 categories:
medium pressure panel
Sliding medium pressure panel
Compact medium pressure panel
Weak pressure switchboard
These electrical panels are divided into different types, which we will examine below:
meter board
Demand board
terminal board
Switch board
Power and distribution panel
Engine control center panel
Outdoor switchboards (open space)
As their title suggests, they are installed in the environment and open space. These boards must have the necessary resistance against various environmental factors, The sheet used in these panels should not be less than 2 mm. These panels are usually 120 cm high and 40 cm deep. To install them properly, you must observe the following points:
Be sure to get a suitable lock for the panel door.
Except for the front door, all seams must be sealed.
Place the board housing on a platform with a height of at least 20 cm.
Use sunscreen colors for the color of the board.
Indoor electrical panels (closed space):This switchboard is used in indoor environments.
Electrical panels are divided into different types:
Distribution boards: These panels, which are made in different dimensions, collect and distribute electrical energy. Distribution boards have national power grid input and consumer output. This board is connected to the output and input with the terminal. Distribution boards are responsible for dividing and transferring incoming electricity. This board is referred to as the power source of other devices and boards.
Control panels: These types of panels have various equipment to measure the system status. After measuring and displaying the system status, they transfer the settings applied by the user.
Electrical panels are divided into two categories:
Metal Enclosed panels: The enclosures of these boards are made entirely of metal. In this compartment, there are all the necessary electrical equipment, such as measuring devices, voltage and current transformers, all kinds of switches, buses, etc.
Metal Clad panels: In fact, they are considered a type of enclosed metal panels, with the difference that its compartments are separated from each other, but why are they designed this way? To prevent transmission of human errors. In these panels, if an error occurs in one compartment, the other compartments will be safe. Of course, it should be noted that the terms metal enclosures and metal cold are mostly used for medium pressure electrical panels.
Learn more about the body of electrical panels: The design of the body of the electrical panel should be such that it prevents the internal equipment from all kinds of damage. Usually, the body of the panels is made of plastic, composite or iron. The thickness of the sheet used in the panels depends on many factors, including the entrance and exit of the conductors, the location of the panel, the accessibility of the panel equipment, the shape of the panel, etc.
In what cases is the use of electrical panels used? In large panels, instead of internal wiring, they use bus bars or ingots; Because there is a lot of consumer flow in these boards. Unlike wiring, busbars carry very strong current without voltage drop. In general, boards
final word: The use of electrical panels is effective both economically and in terms of reducing possible risks. The materials used in the body of this chamber make it strong and durable against impact and pressure. These boards have different categories. In this article, we examined the types of electrical panels in terms of structure, function, current level and installation location. There are many equipment inside the cabinet, some of the most important and most used ones have been introduced.
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